The practice of catch-and-release fishing, while seemingly benign, poses a significant and often unseen threat to deepwater fish: barotrauma, a pressure-related injury that can severely compromise their survival after being reeled in.

Barotrauma occurs when gases within a fish’s body rapidly expand as it is brought from deeper waters to the surface, akin to a human diver experiencing the bends. This sudden and dramatic change in pressure causes internal damage, often resulting in bulging eyes, protruding organs, and an inability to swim back to their natural depth.

For fish like red snapper that inhabit hundreds of feet below the surface, barotrauma is a critical concern. If these fish, which may be out of season or undersized, cannot descend after release, they become vulnerable targets for predators or succumb to their injuries, undermining conservation efforts despite good intentions.

Recognizing this challenge, fishing experts and marine researchers have developed specialized descending devices and venting tools to mitigate the effects of pressure changes. These innovative solutions aim to improve the chances of survival for released fish, contributing to healthier marine ecosystems.

Descending devices gently lower the fish back to depth, allowing the gases in their bodies to recompress naturally and safely. Venting tools, often simple hollow needles, are used to carefully release gas from the swim bladder, though this method requires precision to avoid further harm and ensure fish health.

Despite the proven efficacy of these tools, their widespread adoption among anglers remains a significant hurdle. Even with regulations like the expiring DESCEND Act, which mandates having such gear on board vessels, the actual use of these fishing tools is not enforced, leaving a gap in fishing regulations.

The culture of rapid fishing, especially among charter captains who prioritize client experience and quick turnaround, often conflicts with the extra time required to properly deploy these devices. This resistance highlights a need for continued education and a shift in angler mindset towards responsible catch and release practices.

Organizations like Return ‘Em Right and Louisiana SeaGrant are actively working to spread awareness and provide free equipment, emphasizing the importance of sustainable deepwater fishing. However, fishery management councils seek more comprehensive population-level data on mortality rates and long-term impacts before implementing stricter, data-driven rules.

Ultimately, the long-term viability of deepwater fish populations hinges on a collective commitment to fish conservation. As research continues to advance, combining scientific understanding with practical application of these tools and consistent angler education will be crucial to ensure fish can thrive for future generations of anglers.